Virtual Signals

  Networking Model – Networking models categorize and provide a structure for networking protocols and standards. Networking Protocols/standards – A set of rules defining how network devices and software should work. OSI Model – 1.       OSI stands for Open Systems interconnection model. 2.       A conceptual model that categorizes and standardizes the different functions in a network. 3.       Created by the “International Organization for Standardization” (ISO). 4.       Functions are divided into 7 layers. 5.       These layers work together to make the network work. 6.       Data is encapsulated at one end and de-encapsulated at other end with the help of OSI model layers. 7.       Upper layers (Application, presentation, and session) prepare data and lower layers (transport, network,...

  Computer Network – A computer network is a digital communications network which allows nodes to share resources. Types of nodes – Router, Switch, Firewall, Server, Client Clients – A client is a device that accesses a service made available by server. Server – A server is a device that provides functions or services for clients. Switches – 1.       Provides connectivity to hosts within the same LAN (Local Area Network). 2.       Switches do not provide connectivity between different LAN’s/ over the internet. 3.       Switches have many network interfaces/ports for end hosts to connect to (usually 24+). 4.       Catalyst 9200, Catalyst 3650 are some switches we use in network. Routers – 1.       Provides connectivity between LANs. 2.       Hence used to send data over the internet. 3.    ...

TCP/IP Suite – 1.     Conceptual model and set of communications protocols used in the internet and other networks. 2.     Known as TCP/IP because those are two of the fundamental protocols in the suite. 3.     Developed by the United States Department of Defense through DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency). 4.     Similar structure to the OSI model, but with fewer layers. 5.     This is the model in use in modern networks. 6.     Note – The OSI model still influences how network engineers think and talk about networks.   4. Application 3. Transport 2. Network 1. Data link